19.13. Proposed Monitoring

  1. This section outlines the proposed monitoring for marine archaeology. Proposed monitoring measures are outlined in Table 19.18   Open ▸ below.
  2. Proposed monitoring relevant to marine archaeology also includes a commitment from The Applicant to contribute to the body of knowledge on the influence of offshore energy development marine archaeology, per Scottish Government policy objectives (Scottish Government, 2020; see Table 19.2   Open ▸ ).

 

Table 19.18:
Proposed Monitoring and the Method of Implementation for Marine Archaeology

Table 19.18: Proposed Monitoring and the Method of Implementation for Marine Archaeology

 

19.14. Transboundary Effects

  1. A screening of transboundary impacts has been carried out (see volume 3, appendix 6.6) and has identified that there were no likely significant transboundary effects with regard to marine archaeology from the Array upon the interests of European Economic Area (EEA) states.

19.15. Inter-Related Effects (and Ecosystem Assessment)

  1. A description of the likely inter-related effects arising from the Array on marine archaeology is provided in volume 2, chapter 20 of the Array EIA Report.
  2. For marine archaeology, the following potential impacts have been considered within the inter-related assessment:
  • sediment disturbance and deposition leading to indirect impacts on marine archaeology receptors; and
  • alteration of sediment transport regimes.
  1. Direct damage to marine archaeology receptors has not been assessed as part of the inter-related effects assessment as there is no potential for direct damage to accumulate through the lifetime of the project or to interact, spatially and temporally, to create inter-related effects on a receptor.
  2. Table 19.19   Open ▸ lists the inter-related effects (project lifetime effects) that are predicted to arise during the construction, operation and maintenance phase, and decommissioning of the Array and also the inter-related effects (receptor-led effects) that are predicted to arise for marine archaeology receptors.
  3. Effects on marine archaeology do not have the potential to have secondary effects on other receptors.
Table 19.19:
Summary of Likely Significant Inter-Related Effects for Marine Archaeology from Individual Effects Occurring Across the Construction, Operation and Maintenance and Decommissioning Phases of the Array (Array Lifetime Effects) and from Multiple Effects Interacting Across all Phases (Receptor-led Effects)

Table 19.19: Summary of Likely Significant Inter-Related Effects for Marine Archaeology from Individual Effects Occurring Across the Construction, Operation and Maintenance and Decommissioning Phases of the Array (Array Lifetime Effects) and from Multiple Effects Interacting Across all Phases (Receptor-led Effects)

19.16. Summary of Impacts, Mitigation, Likely Significant Effects and Monitoring

  1. Information on marine archaeology within the marine archaeology study area was collected through a combination of desktop review of available sources and site surveys. This information is presented in Table 19.5   Open ▸ and Table 19.6   Open ▸ .
  2. Table 19.20   Open ▸ presents a summary of the potential impacts, designed in measures and the conclusion of LSE1 in EIA terms in respect to marine archaeology. The impacts assessed include:
  1. Overall, it is concluded that there will be no LSE1 arising from the Array during the construction, operation and maintenance or decommissioning phases.
  2. Table 19.21   Open ▸ presents a summary of the potential impacts, designed in measures and the conclusion of likely significant cumulative effects on marine archaeology in EIA terms. The cumulative effects assessed include:
  • sediment disturbance and deposition leading to indirect impacts on marine archaeology receptors (the exposure or burial of receptors);
  • direct damage to marine archaeology receptors (e.g. wrecks, debris, submerged prehistoric receptors (palaeolandscapes and associated archaeological receptors); and
  • alteration of sediment transport regimes.
  1. Overall, it is concluded that there will be no likely significant cumulative effects from the Array alongside other projects/plans.
  2. No likely significant transboundary effects have been identified in regard to effects of the Array.
  3. For marine archaeology, the following potential impacts have been considered within the inter-related assessment:
  • sediment disturbance and deposition leading to indirect impacts on marine archaeology receptors; and
  • alteration of sediment transport regimes.
  1. Overall, it is concluded that effects on marine archaeology do not have the potential to have secondary effects on other receptors,

 

Table 19.20:
Summary of Likely Significant Environmental Effects, Secondary Mitigation and Monitoring

Table 19.20: Summary of Likely Significant Environmental Effects, Secondary Mitigation and Monitoring


Table 19.21:
Summary of Likely Significant Cumulative Environment Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring

Table 19.21: Summary of Likely Significant Cumulative Environment Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring

19.17. References

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Bradley, R., Fulford, M. and Tyson, H. (1997). The archaeological resource: A regional review. In: Fulford, M., Champion, T. and Long, A. (eds.) England's Coastal Heritage: A survey for English Heritage and the RCHME. Swindon: English Heritage.

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Cornes, R.C., Tinker, J., Hermanson, L., Oltmanns, M., Hunter, W.R., Lloyd-Hartley, H., Kent, E.C., Rabe, B. and Renshaw, R. (2023). Climate change impacts on temperature around the UK and Ireland. MCCIP Science Review [Online]. Available at: https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/534103/. Accessed on 14 May 2024.

COWRIE. (2010). Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms. London, COWRIE.

Cunliffe, B. (2001). Facing the ocean: The Atlantic and its peoples 8000 BC-AD 1500. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

DECC (2016). UK Offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment 3, Post Consultation Report. Department of Energy and Climate Change. London, UK, pp.78.

Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) (2022). Offshore Energy SEA 4: Appendix 1i: Cultural Heritage [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/62333288e90e0709bd9166f4/Appendix_1i_-_Cultural_heritage.pdf. Accessed on: 02 May 2024.

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Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (2023b). National Policy Statement for Renewable Energy Infrastructure (EN-3) [Online]. UK Government. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-policy-statement-for-renewable-energy-infrastructure-en-3. Accessed on: 02 May 2024.

Dunkley, M. (2013). The potential effects of oceanic climate change on the management and curation of underwater archaeological remains. The Archaeologist.

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Finlayson, B. and Edwards, K. (2003). The Mesolithic. In: Edwards, K. and Ralston, I. (eds.) Scotland after the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC-AD 1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Flemming, N. (2003). The scope of Strategic Environmental Assessment of North Sea SEA5 in regard to prehistoric archaeological remains. Technical Report to the DTI. 

Friel, I. (2003). Maritime History of Great Britain. London, British Museum Press.

Highways England, Transport Scotland, Welsh Government and Department for Infrastructure (2019). Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) LA 104, Environmental assessment and monitoring, Revision 1. [Online]. Available at: https://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/dmrb. Accessed on: 02 May 2024.

Historic England (2012). Ships and Boats: Prehistory to Present. 

Historic England (2023). Curating the Palaeolithic [Online]. Available at: https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/curating-the-palaeolithic/heag313-curating-the-palaeolithic/. Accessed on: 02 May 2024.

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Hutchinson, G. (1997). Medieval Ships and Shipping. Leicester, Leicester University Press.

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Lowe, J., Howard, T., Pardaens, A., Tinker, J., Wakelin, S., Milne, G., Leake, J., Wolf, J., Horsburgh, K., Reeder, T., Jenkins, G., Ridley, J., Dye, S. and Bradley, S. (2009). UK Climate Projections Science Report: Marine and coastal projections. Met Office Hadley Centre. Exeter.

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[1] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning

[2] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning

[3] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning

[4] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning

[5] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning