6. Summary

A summary of the assessments presented in this RIAA, considering the relevant SPAs, is provided in the table below ( Table 6.1 Open ▸ ). Table 6.1 Open ▸ presents the conclusions of whether there is an AEOI in relation to the Array alone and in-combination with other plans and projects for each European site and qualifying species being assessed.

Site ID	Site Name	Relevant Qualifying Features	Project Phase	Potential Impacts	Conclusion for the Assessment on the Array Alone	Conclusion for the Assessment on the Array In-Combination with other Plans and Projects
Seabirds
UK9002491	Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA	 breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on kittiwake).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement  changes to prey availability	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to kittiwake (collision alone and displacement and collision combined).
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002151	Copinsay SPA	 breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on kittiwake).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9006031	Coquet Island SPA	 breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on puffin).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9001182	East Caithness Cliffs SPA	 breeding kittiwake; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for kittiwake (disturbance and displacement alone, collision alone and displacement and collision combined). Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to kittiwake (collision alone and displacement and collision combined).
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002091	Fair Isle SPA	 breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on gannet).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9006021	Farne Islands SPA	 breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on puffin and kittiwake).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site.
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9006101	Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA	 breeding gannet;  breeding guillemot;  breeding kittiwake; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site for guillemot. Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for kittiwake (collision alone and displacement and collision combined). Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for gannet (collision alone and displacement and collision combined). Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to gannet and kittiwake (collision alone and displacement and collision combined).
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004171	Forth Islands SPA	 breeding gannet;  breeding puffin; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species and kittiwake).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site for puffin Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for gannet (displacement and collision combined). Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to gannet and kittiwake (displacement and collision combined).
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002271	Fowlsheugh SPA	 breeding kittiwake; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species and razorbill).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for kittiwake (disturbance and displacement, and collision alone and displacement and collision combined). Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to kittiwake and razorbill (displacement and collision alone, and displacement and collision combined).
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002011	Hermaness, Saxa Vord and Valla Field SPA	 breeding gannet; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9001181	North Caithness Cliffs SPA	 breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on breeding kittiwake).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to kittiwake (collision alone and displacement and collision combined).
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9001011	North Rona and Sula Sgeir SPA	 breeding gannet; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002081	Noss SPA	 breeding gannet; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9020316	Outer Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay Complex SPA	 non-breeding red-throated diver;  non-breeding Slavonian grebe;  non-breeding eider;  non-breeding shag;  migratory waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on long-tailed duck, common scoter, velvet scoter, goldeneye and red-breasted merganser);  non-breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on guillemot, shag and razorbill); and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on puffin, kittiwake and guillemot).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004271	St Abb’s Head to Fast Castle SPA	 breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on kittiwake).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to kittiwake (displacement, and collision alone, and displacement and collision combined) due to Berwick Bank Offshore Wind Farm identifying an AEOI because its impact on the kittiwake features will be fully compensated.
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9001031	St Kilda SPA	 breeding gannet;  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement;  changes to prey availability; and  artificial light.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement;  artificial light; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement;  changes to prey availability; and  artificial light.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002181	Sule Skerry and Sule Stack SPA	 breeding gannet; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk;  barrier to movement; and  entanglement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002471	Troup, Pennan and Lion’s Heads SPA	 breeding kittiwake; and  breeding seabird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Construction	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
			Operation and maintenance	 disturbance and displacement;  collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for kittiwake (collision alone and displacement and collision combined). Potential adverse effect on the integrity of the site for seabird assemblage, with regards to kittiwake (collision alone and displacement and collision combined).
			Decommissioning	 disturbance and displacement; and  changes to prey availability.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
 Migratory Waterbirds
UK9004131 UK13005	Cameron Reservoir SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding pink-footed goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004291 UK13010	Din Moss - Hoselaw Loch SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding greylag goose; and  non-breeding pink-footed goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004241 UK13015	Fala Flow SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding pink-footed goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004411 UK13017	Firth of Forth SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding bar-tailed godwit;  non-breeding golden plover;  non-breeding knot;  non-breeding pink-footed goose;  non-breeding red-throated diver;  non-breeding redshank;  non-breeding ringed plover;  non-breeding (passage) Sandwich tern;  non-breeding Slavonian grebe;  non-breeding turnstone; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species (except Sandwich tern) and common scoter, cormorant, curlew, dunlin, eider, goldeneye, great crested grebe, grey plover, lapwing, long-tailed duck, mallard, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, ringed plover, scaup, shelduck, velvet scoter and wigeon).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004121 UK13018	Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding bar-tailed godwit;  non-breeding greylag goose;  non-breeding pink-footed goose;  non-breeding redshank; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species and common scoter, cormorant, dunlin, eider, goldeneye, goosander, grey plover, Icelandic black-tailed godwit, oystercatcher, long-tailed duck, red-breasted merganser, sanderling, shelduck and velvet scoter).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004231 UK13021	Gladhouse Reservoir SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding pink-footed goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004281 UK13022	Greenlaw Moor SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding pink-footed goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9006041 UK11030	Holburn Lake and Moss SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding greylag goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9006011 UK11036	Lindisfarne SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding bar-tailed godwit;  non-breeding common scoter;  non-breeding dunlin;  non-breeding eider;  non-breeding golden plover;  non-breeding grey plover;  non-breeding greylag goose;  non-breeding light-bellied brent goose;  non-breeding long-tailed duck;  non-breeding red-breasted merganser;  non-breeding redshank;  non-breeding ringed plover;  non-breeding sanderling;  non-breeding shelduck;  non-breeding whooper swan;  non-breeding wigeon; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004051 UK13038	Loch of Kinnordy SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding pink-footed goose; and  non-breeding greylag goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004111 UK13033	Loch Leven SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding cormorant;  non-breeding gadwall;  non-breeding goldeneye;  non-breeding pink-footed goose;  non-breeding pochard;  non-breeding shoveler;  non-breeding teal;  non-breeding tufted duck;  non-breeding whooper swan; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004031 UK13046	Montrose Basin SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding greylag goose;  non-breeding pink-footed goose;  non-breeding redshank; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species and oystercatcher, eider, wigeon, knot, dunlin and shelduck).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9006131 UK11048	Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding purple sandpiper; and  non-breeding turnstone.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004441	Slamannan Plateau SPA	 non-breeding taiga bean goose.	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk  Barrier to movement	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004401 UK13057	South Tayside Goose Roosts SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding greylag goose;  non-breeding pink-footed goose;  non-breeding wigeon; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9004251 UK13060	Westwater SPA and Ramsar site	 non-breeding pink-footed goose; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site
UK9002221	Ythan Estuary, Sands of Forvie and Meikle Loch SPA, Ythan Estuary and Meikle Loch Ramsar site	 non-breeding pink-footed goose; and  non-breeding waterbird assemblage (potential LSE2 due to impacts on the above species and eider, lapwing and redshank).	Operation and maintenance	 collision risk; and  barrier to movement.	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site	No adverse effect on the integrity of the site

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